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Roman calendar
The Roman calendar changed its form several times between the founding of Rome and the fall of the Roman Empire. This article generally discusses the early Roman or pre-Julian calendars. The calendar used after 46 BC is discussed under Julian calendar. The common calendar widely used today known as the Gregorian calendar is a refinement of the Julian calendar where the length of the year has been adjusted from 365.25 days to 365.2425 days (a 0.002% change).
==History==
The original Roman calendar is believed to have been a lunar calendar, which may have been based on one of the Greek lunar calendars.〔According to Livy, Numa's calendar was lunisolar with lunar months and several intercalary months spread over nineteen years so that the Sun returned in the twentieth year to the same position it had in the first year. (Livy, ''(History of Rome )'' 1.19) (William Smith, ''A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities'' (London: 1875) "(Calendarium )", Year of Numa)〕 As the time between new moons averages 29.5 days its months were constructed to be either hollow (29 days) or full (30 days).
Unlike currently used dates, which are numbered sequentially from the beginning of the month, the Romans counted backwards from three fixed points: the Nones, the Ides and the Kalends of the following month. This system originated in the practice of "calling" the new month when the lunar crescent was first observed in the west after sunset. From the shape and orientation of the new moon, the number of days remaining to the nones would be proclaimed. At some point in history dates of months ceased to be connected with lunar phases, but it is unknown when it happened.
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